Research and Development Prospect of Industrial Microwave Applied in Textile Dyeing and Finishing

Industrial microwave equipment technology has been applied in cocoon drying, cocoon boiling, raw silk drying, silk degumming and scouring, cotton insecticidal, wool sterilization, textile materials and dyeing and chemical materials drying. In the dyeing and finishing industry, microwave dyeing, microwave fixation, microwave evaporation, coating curing, composite fabric binder curing and other aspects have achieved industrial applications. The application of industrial microwave in polyester printing is 15 times faster than that of high temperature printing, and the cost per meter is reduced by 37%. Microwave fixation of reactive dyes can increase the fixation rate by 9%. Microwave heating can reduce yellowing degree of silk resin finishing and improve resilience. Microwave equipment technology has also been widely used in textile testing. The moisture content and moisture regain of fabrics can be determined by dielectric coefficient and loss angle tangent TG delta. According to dielectric coefficient and dielectric loss, microwave can be used to determine the orientation of macromolecules in fibers and films, the orientation of fibers in fiber aggregates and composites, the average evenness of yarns, the blending ratio of blended yarns and the unevenness of blending ratio. This kind of test method is fast and simple, does not destroy the sample, and can test a large number of samples, thus improving the representativeness and accuracy of the test. Microwave irradiation can catalyze some chemical reactions, adjust the structure of amorphous region of polymer materials, and even change the product type. It has been widely used in organic synthesis and polymer chemistry. The application of microwave equipment technology in textile industry has the following aspects: (1) The combination of microwave radiation and thermal stretching to produce high strength and high modulus fibers. (2) Improving textile mechanical properties, such as polyester dry shrinkage by microwave heating is much larger than conventional heating. (3) Scouring and bleaching, printing and dyeing, resin finishing under microwave radiation. Microwave technology has broad prospects in dyeing and finishing, and has the characteristics of uniform heating, fast heating, high efficiency and energy saving. It needs to be studied extensively and deeply in this field, especially its non-thermal effect. It is of great significance in fiber bonding, crosslinking and bonding. It can also be extended to functional finishing of leather, paper and polymer film. It has a very attractive future.